Aircraft Mechanic (A&P)

Aircraft mechanics hold lives in their hands every single day.

When a Boeing 737 pushes back from the gate carrying 180 passengers, the maintenance technicians who inspected, repaired, and signed off on that aircraft are the unseen reason everyone arrives safely. Aircraft mechanics and service technicians earn a median salary of $71,800, with experienced technicians at major airlines exceeding $107,000. The aviation industry projects steady demand with approximately 11,100 annual openings driven by fleet growth, retirements, and the FAA’s non-negotiable maintenance requirements.

What Does an Aircraft Mechanic Do?

Aircraft mechanics – officially designated as Aviation Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) by the FAA – inspect, repair, and maintain aircraft to ensure they are safe to fly. The work is governed by Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs), and every task must be performed according to manufacturer-approved procedures and documented with precision. There is no room for shortcuts in this trade.

Key responsibilities include:

• Performing scheduled maintenance inspections ranging from overnight A-checks (every 400-600 flight hours) to heavy D-checks (every 6-10 years) that can take a month and involve stripping the aircraft to its skeleton
• Troubleshooting mechanical and electrical discrepancies reported by flight crews in the aircraft logbook
• Repairing and replacing structural components including fuselage skin panels, wing ribs, control surfaces, and landing gear assemblies
• Servicing powerplant systems including turbofan engines, propeller assemblies, fuel control units, and engine-mounted accessories
• Maintaining hydraulic systems that power flight controls, landing gear, brakes, and thrust reversers
• Inspecting and repairing pneumatic systems including cabin pressurization, air conditioning packs, and de-icing boots
• Troubleshooting avionics and electrical systems including wiring, circuit breakers, generators, batteries, and lighting
• Performing non-destructive testing (NDT) using eddy current, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, and dye penetrant methods to detect hidden cracks and corrosion
• Completing detailed maintenance records in compliance with 14 CFR Part 43, including entries in aircraft logbooks and electronic maintenance tracking systems

Aircraft mechanics must also maintain a working knowledge of Airworthiness Directives (ADs) – mandatory inspections or repairs issued by the FAA when a safety issue is identified across a fleet. Missing an AD compliance check can ground an aircraft and result in serious regulatory consequences.

A Day in the Life of an Aircraft Mechanic

You clock in at 10:00 PM for the overnight shift at a major airline’s maintenance base. The hangar is massive – four widebody aircraft could fit inside simultaneously – and tonight two Boeing 737-800s are parked on the floor for scheduled A-check inspections.

Your first assignment is the number-one engine on gate 42’s aircraft. The flight crew wrote up a vibration during climb-out. You pull up the engine vibration monitoring data on the maintenance laptop and see elevated N1 vibration readings on the left engine. The troubleshooting manual points to possible fan blade damage or a balance issue. You open the engine cowling, set up a work platform, and inspect each fan blade with a flashlight and borescope. You find a nick on one blade from a foreign object – probably a piece of debris ingested during taxi. Per the manufacturer’s Structural Repair Manual (SRM), the nick is within blendable limits. You carefully blend the damaged area with a pneumatic die grinder, re-measure the blend depth with a depth gauge, verify it meets SRM tolerances, and document the repair in the aircraft logbook.

Your second task is part of the A-check package: inspecting the nose landing gear steering assembly. You crawl into the wheel well, check the shimmy damper for leaks, inspect the steering cables for wear, check torque links for play, and verify all fastener safety wire is intact. Everything passes. You sign off the inspection task card and move to the next item – a cabin pressurization outflow valve operational check.

Around 3:00 AM, the break room coffee is essential. By 4:30 AM, the A-check package is nearing completion. The inspector – a mechanic with Inspection Authorization (IA) – reviews all completed task cards, verifies the work, and signs the aircraft back to service. The 737 is towed to the gate in time for its 6:15 AM departure.

The overnight schedule takes adjustment, but the work itself is deeply technical and carries a weight of responsibility that few other trades can match. You are not just fixing a machine – you are ensuring the safety of every person who boards that aircraft.

Aircraft Mechanic Salary and Job Outlook

National Salary Overview

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, 2024.

Top-Paying States for Aircraft Mechanics

Source: BLS OES, May 2024. States with major aerospace manufacturers (Boeing in Washington, Pratt & Whitney in Connecticut) and busy airline hubs tend to pay above average.

Salary by Experience Level

• Entry-level AMT (0-2 years): $43,000-$57,000. Working under supervision on routine maintenance, learning company-specific procedures, building logbook entries.
• Mid-career A&P mechanic (3-7 years): $60,000-$86,000. Independent troubleshooting, line maintenance, beginning to specialize in powerplant, structures, or avionics.
• Senior mechanic/Inspector (8+ years): $86,000-$107,000+. Inspection Authorization (IA), lead mechanic roles, NDT specialization. Airline mechanics with seniority and overtime frequently exceed $120,000.

How to Become an Aircraft Mechanic

Path 1: FAA-Approved Aviation Maintenance Technician School

The most common path is attending an FAA-approved Part 147 AMT school. These programs prepare you to take the FAA Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) certification exams.

• Duration: 18-24 months for a combined A&P program. Some schools offer the airframe and powerplant ratings as separate 9-12 month programs.
• Curriculum: The FAA requires a minimum of 1,900 hours of instruction for a combined A&P program (750 hours airframe, 750 hours powerplant, 400 hours general). Topics include aircraft structures, sheet metal repair, hydraulics, electrical systems, turbine and reciprocating engines, propellers, and FAA regulations.
• Cost: $15,000-$40,000 at community colleges and vocational schools. Some university-affiliated programs exceed $50,000.
• Outcome: Upon completion, you receive authorization to take the FAA A&P knowledge, oral, and practical examinations.

Path 2: Military Aviation Maintenance

Military service in aviation maintenance roles (Air Force, Navy, Army, Marine Corps, Coast Guard) provides extensive hands-on experience. After accumulating the required 30 months of documented practical experience, military mechanics can apply for FAA A&P certification by presenting their military training records and passing the FAA exams.

Path 3: Civilian On-the-Job Experience

The FAA allows individuals to qualify for the A&P certificate through 30 months of documented practical experience working on aircraft under the supervision of a certificated mechanic. This path is slower but does not require formal schooling.

Timeline

From enrollment in an AMT school to earning your A&P certificate and landing your first job: approximately 2-3 years. From there, reaching a senior mechanic role takes an additional 5-8 years.

Licensing and Certification

FAA Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) Certificate

The A&P certificate is the essential credential for aircraft mechanics. It is issued by the FAA and is a legal requirement to sign off on aircraft maintenance.

The certificate has two ratings:

• Airframe (A): Authorizes work on aircraft structures, control surfaces, hydraulics, landing gear, cabin systems, and instruments
• Powerplant (P): Authorizes work on engines, propellers, fuel systems, and engine-mounted accessories

Most mechanics earn both ratings simultaneously, which is referred to as an “A&P.”

Exam structure:

• Written knowledge tests (computerized, multiple choice) for General, Airframe, and Powerplant – 3 separate exams
• Oral examination (administered by a Designated Mechanic Examiner)
• Practical examination (hands-on demonstration of maintenance skills)

Cost: Approximately $150-$200 for written tests, $300-$600 for the oral and practical exams. Total: roughly $500-$800.

Inspection Authorization (IA)

After holding your A&P for at least 3 years and meeting activity requirements, you can apply for Inspection Authorization. An IA holder can approve aircraft for return to service after major inspections and sign off on annual inspections – a significant career milestone.

Additional Certifications

• FCC General Radiotelephone Operator License (GROL): Required for some avionics work
• NDT certifications (ASNT Level I, II, III): For non-destructive testing specialization
• Manufacturer training: Boeing, Airbus, Pratt & Whitney, GE Aviation, Rolls-Royce, and Honeywell all offer type-specific training courses that major employers require or prefer

FAA Medical Requirements

Unlike pilots, aircraft mechanics are not required to hold an FAA medical certificate. However, you must be physically capable of performing the work – climbing ladders, lifting components, working in confined spaces, and having adequate vision (corrected vision is acceptable).

Skills and Tools

Technical Skills

• Sheet metal fabrication and structural repair (riveting, bonding, patching)
• Turbine engine operation, inspection, and troubleshooting
• Hydraulic system diagnosis and component replacement
• Electrical wiring and circuit analysis (reading schematic diagrams)
• Composite material inspection and repair (carbon fiber, fiberglass, Kevlar)
• Non-destructive testing methods (eddy current, ultrasonic, dye penetrant)
• Avionics troubleshooting and component replacement

Tools of the Trade

• Hand tools: Aviation-grade wrenches, torque wrenches (calibrated), safety wire pliers, rivet guns, bucking bars, cleco fasteners
• Diagnostic equipment: Multimeters, oscilloscopes, borescopes, engine trend monitoring software
• NDT equipment: Eddy current probes, ultrasonic thickness gauges, magnetic particle inspection kits
• Pneumatic tools: Rivet guns, die grinders, drills
• References: Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMMs), Structural Repair Manuals (SRMs), Illustrated Parts Catalogs (IPCs), Airworthiness Directives (ADs)
• Software: Airline maintenance tracking systems (AMOS, TRAX, SCEPTRE), manufacturer diagnostic tools

Soft Skills

• Extreme attention to detail – one missed step can have catastrophic consequences
• Methodical approach to troubleshooting
• Clear documentation and communication skills
• Comfort working nights, weekends, and holidays
• Ability to work under time pressure while maintaining safety standards

Work Environment

Settings

Aircraft mechanics work in hangars, on airport ramps (outdoors), in maintenance shops, and at MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) facilities. Major employers include commercial airlines (Delta, United, American, Southwest), MRO companies (AAR Corp, ST Engineering, HAECO), regional airlines, cargo carriers (FedEx, UPS, Atlas Air), corporate aviation departments, and general aviation repair stations.

Schedule

Airlines operate 24/7, and maintenance is primarily performed overnight and during off-peak hours. Shift work is standard, with many mechanics working 10-hour shifts on rotating schedules (4 days on, 3 days off is common). Overtime is frequently available and often mandatory during heavy maintenance checks or irregular operations (weather delays, mechanical diversions).

Physical Demands

The work involves climbing on aircraft (wing surfaces, engine pylons, tail sections), working in confined spaces (wheel wells, fuel tanks, cargo compartments), lifting components up to 50 pounds, and standing or kneeling for extended periods. Noise exposure on the ramp from running engines and APUs requires hearing protection.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

• High skill ceiling with continuous learning opportunities
• Strong job security – aircraft must be maintained regardless of economic conditions
• Travel benefits at airlines (free or heavily discounted flights for employees and family)
• Pride in safety-critical work that directly protects human life
• Clear career path from AMT to IA to lead mechanic to management

Cons:

• Overnight and weekend shifts are standard, especially early in your career (seniority determines schedule)
• Ramp work exposes you to extreme weather, jet exhaust, and noise
• High responsibility and regulatory pressure
• Initial A&P schooling cost and 2-year time investment before earning
• Physical demands accumulate over a long career

Career Advancement

1. Entry-level AMT (Year 1-2): $43,000-$57,000. Routine inspections, basic component changes, learning company procedures under supervision.
2. A&P Mechanic (Year 3-5): $60,000-$75,000. Independent line and base maintenance, beginning to specialize.
3. Lead Mechanic (Year 5-8): $75,000-$90,000. Overseeing work packages, coordinating with planning and engineering, mentoring junior technicians.
4. Inspector / IA Holder (Year 6+): $80,000-$100,000. Inspection Authorization qualifies you to approve aircraft return-to-service after major inspections.
5. Quality Assurance / Technical Specialist (Year 8+): $85,000-$110,000. NDT specialist, powerplant specialist, composite repair specialist, or regulatory compliance roles.
6. Maintenance Manager/Director (Year 10+): $100,000-$150,000+. Managing maintenance departments, budgets, regulatory compliance, and workforce planning.

Related Careers

• Pilot – flies the aircraft you maintain ($211,790 median)
• Diesel Technician – similar diagnostic skills on ground vehicles ($55,520 median)
• Auto Technician – shares mechanical fundamentals ($46,880 median)

Browse all Skilled Trades & Technical Careers.

Professional Associations

• Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA) – amfanatl.org – Union representing mechanics at several major airlines
• Professional Aviation Maintenance Association (PAMA) – pama.org – Industry association offering training, networking, and advocacy
• International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAMAW) – goiam.org – Union representing airline and MRO mechanics
• Aviation Technician Education Council (ATEC) – atec-amt.org – Promotes excellence in AMT education
• Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE) – sae.org – Develops aerospace engineering and maintenance standards

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to become an aircraft mechanic?

An FAA-approved AMT school takes 18-24 months. After graduation, you must pass the FAA written, oral, and practical exams to earn your A&P certificate. The military path requires 30 months of documented experience. Total time from start to working as a certificated A&P mechanic: approximately 2-3 years.

Is aircraft mechanic a good career?

Yes. Aircraft maintenance is a stable, well-paying career with strong job security. Airlines must maintain their fleets regardless of economic conditions, and the FAA’s regulatory requirements ensure ongoing demand for qualified mechanics. The median salary of $71,800 exceeds many other trades, and airline mechanics enjoy travel benefits.

What is the difference between A&P and IA?

The A&P (Airframe and Powerplant) certificate authorizes you to perform and sign off on maintenance tasks. The IA (Inspection Authorization) is an additional credential (available after 3+ years with an A&P) that authorizes you to approve aircraft for return to service after annual inspections, progressive inspections, and major alterations. IA holders have more responsibility and typically earn more.

Can I become an aircraft mechanic without going to school?

Yes, the FAA allows you to qualify through 30 months of documented practical experience working on aircraft. However, most employers prefer candidates with formal AMT school training because the curriculum systematically covers all required subject areas.

Do aircraft mechanics get free flights?

At airlines, yes. Most airline mechanics receive flight benefits that include free or heavily discounted standby travel for themselves and eligible family members. This is one of the most valued perks in the industry.

How much do airline mechanics make?

Airline mechanics at major carriers (Delta, United, American, Southwest) typically earn $70,000-$107,000+ depending on seniority and location. With overtime, many experienced airline mechanics exceed $120,000 annually. Regional airlines pay less, typically $50,000-$75,000.

Is the work dangerous?

Aircraft maintenance involves real hazards: working at height on aircraft surfaces, exposure to loud noise and jet exhaust on the ramp, handling chemicals and solvents, and working in confined spaces. Strict safety procedures and PPE requirements mitigate these risks, and the industry’s safety record is strong. But the work requires constant awareness.

Will drones or automation eliminate aircraft mechanic jobs?

No. While drones are beginning to assist with visual inspections, the hands-on nature of aircraft maintenance – replacing components, troubleshooting systems, performing structural repairs – cannot be automated. The global airline fleet continues to grow, and retirements among the current mechanic workforce create consistent demand for new technicians.

Ready to launch your career in aviation maintenance? Compare FAA-approved AMT programs near you.

Notice an update we should make?
We strive for accuracy. Contact us here if you see incorrect or outdated info on this page.