Respiratory Therapist

Updated January 10, 2026 Table of Contents

Help patients breathe easier. Respiratory therapists diagnose and treat breathing disorders in patients of all ages, from premature infants to seniors. This 2025 guide explains how to become a licensed respiratory therapist through accredited programs and certification exams.

What Does a Respiratory Therapist Do?

Respiratory therapists (RTs) specialize in cardiopulmonary care, providing treatment and support for patients with acute and chronic breathing issues.

Typical responsibilities include:

  • Assessing lung function and analyzing blood oxygen levels
  • Operating and maintaining ventilators and oxygen therapy equipment
  • Assisting with emergency airway management and life support
  • Educating patients on inhaler use and respiratory exercises
  • Monitoring treatment effectiveness and adjusting care plans
  • Collaborating with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals

RTs work in hospitals, intensive care units, outpatient clinics, and home healthcare environments.

What Training Programs Cover

Respiratory therapy programs combine advanced science coursework with clinical training to prepare students for patient care and national licensure exams.

Core topics include:

  • Anatomy & Physiology: Focus on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
  • Pulmonary Diagnostics: Testing and evaluating lung performance
  • Respiratory Therapy Procedures: Ventilation management and oxygen delivery
  • Pharmacology: Medication types, dosage, and delivery systems
  • Critical Care: Managing emergency and intensive care situations
  • Microbiology & Pathophysiology: Understanding disease processes
  • Patient Assessment & Education: Communication and bedside techniques

Programs include extensive clinical rotations in hospital and acute care settings.

Education & Program Options

Most respiratory therapists earn an associate degree, though a bachelor’s degree can enhance job opportunities and specialization.

Common educational paths:

  • Associate Degree in Respiratory Therapy (2 years): Entry-level path to licensure
  • Bachelor’s Degree in Respiratory Care: Advanced coursework for leadership or education roles
  • Online RT-to-BSRT Programs: Designed for credentialed RTs seeking degree completion
  • Master’s Degree: For research, management, or advanced clinical practice

All programs must be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) for graduates to sit for national certification exams.

Skills for the Role

Successful respiratory therapists combine technical skill, critical thinking, and compassion.

Top skills include:

  • Strong understanding of pulmonary physiology and ventilation principles
  • Ability to respond calmly during medical emergencies
  • Communication and empathy with patients and families
  • Detail-oriented assessment and documentation skills
  • Teamwork and leadership in clinical environments

These skills ensure safe, effective care for patients in critical and long-term treatment.

Certification & Licensure

Respiratory therapists must be licensed in all U.S. states except Alaska. Certification through the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) is required for licensure.

Certification process:

  1. Complete an accredited respiratory therapy program
  2. Pass the Therapist Multiple-Choice (TMC) Exam for Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) credential
  3. Pass the Clinical Simulation Exam (CSE) to earn the Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) credential
  4. Apply for state licensure based on NBRC results
  5. Maintain credentials through continuing education

Many employers prefer RRT-level professionals for hospital and acute care roles.

How to Become a Respiratory Therapist

  1. Earn a high school diploma or GED with science and math coursework
  2. Complete an accredited respiratory therapy associate or bachelor’s program
  3. Pass the NBRC TMC and CSE exams for CRT or RRT certification
  4. Apply for state licensure and complete any local requirements
  5. Begin your career in hospital, clinical, or home healthcare settings

Experienced RTs may pursue advanced credentials in neonatal, critical care, or pulmonary diagnostics.

The demand for respiratory therapists is projected to grow due to aging populations, increased rates of chronic lung disease, and expanded access to respiratory care services.

Professional Associations & Resources

  • American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC): Education, advocacy, and CE resources
  • National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC): Certification exams and credentialing
  • Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC): Accredited program listings
  • American Lung Association (ALA): Public education and career support

Career Paths

Respiratory therapists can specialize or advance into:

  • Critical Care or ICU Respiratory Therapist
  • Pulmonary Function Technologist
  • Neonatal/Pediatric Specialist (NPS)
  • Home Health Respiratory Care Provider
  • Clinical Educator or Department Manager

With additional education, RTs can move into leadership, education, or advanced practice roles.

Compare programs near you.
Program availability, clinical requirements, tuition, and licensing rules vary by school and state. Contact programs directly to confirm details.

What Respiratory Therapist Work Often Involves

Respiratory Therapist roles can vary by employer and location, but most positions share a core mix of hands-on tasks, safety or quality checks, and routine documentation. In this guide we focus on the typical responsibilities so you can compare programs and decide whether the day-to-day work fits your goals.

Common activities may include:

  • Following written procedures or protocols and documenting outcomes
  • Using standard tools, software, or equipment safely
  • Communicating with supervisors, clients, or team members
  • Keeping workspaces organized and meeting quality standards

Training Paths and Education Options

Programs commonly emphasize:

  • Core technical skills and terminology
  • Safety, compliance, or industry standards
  • Practical labs, simulations, or supervised work
  • Job-readiness topics like professionalism and communication

Skills That Translate Across Employers

Employers often look for a mix of technical ability and reliable work habits. Even when specific tools differ, the following skills tend to be important:

  • Attention to detail and accuracy
  • Problem solving and basic troubleshooting
  • Time management and task prioritization
  • Clear communication and teamwork

Work Settings and Daily Routine

Respiratory Therapist professionals may work in a variety of settings. Some roles are primarily desk-based while others are hands-on or field-based. Schedules can be steady or shift-based depending on the industry. If you have preferences about hours, physical demands, or environment, use them as filters when comparing programs and employers.

Licensing, Certification, and Compliance

Some Respiratory Therapist roles require state licensing or industry certifications, while others do not. Requirements can differ by state and even by employer, so it is important to verify the rules where you plan to work. If a credential is required, confirm whether the program prepares you for the related exam or supervised hours.

How to Compare Programs

When choosing a school or training provider, focus on outcomes that matter for your path rather than marketing claims. Useful factors to compare include:

  • Program length and scheduling options
  • Real-world practice hours and lab access
  • Career services, externships, or apprenticeship connections
  • Total cost, fees, and what is included
  • Credential or certificate earned at completion

Questions to Ask Before You Enroll

  • Does the program cover the skills employers in my area expect?
  • What portion of the training is hands-on?
  • Are tools, uniforms, or exam fees included in tuition?
  • What are typical class sizes and instructor experience?
  • Are there local employer partnerships or placement support?

Next Steps for Aspiring Respiratory Therapist Professionals

Start by confirming the requirements for your state or target employers, then compare programs that align with those expectations. If you are balancing work or family responsibilities, ask about evening or hybrid options. Use the school listings on this page to explore programs and request details directly from providers.

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