Plumber

Updated January 10, 2026 Table of Contents

Keep homes, businesses, and cities running smoothly.
Plumbers install, maintain, and repair piping systems that carry water, gas, and waste. This 2025 guide explains how to become a licensed plumber through accredited programs and paid apprenticeships.

What Does a Plumber Do?

Plumbers ensure the safe flow of water and gas by assembling, repairing, and testing piping systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

Typical responsibilities include:

Reading blueprints and interpreting plumbing layouts
Installing and connecting pipes, valves, and fixtures
Inspecting and repairing leaks, clogs, and drainage issues
Maintaining water heaters, pumps, and filtration systems
Following building codes and safety standards
Collaborating with contractors, electricians, and HVAC specialists

Plumbers work in new construction, renovation, and maintenance environments, often with opportunities for overtime or self-employment.

What Training Programs Cover

Plumbing programs teach mechanical, technical, and safety skills to prepare students for certification and on-the-job performance.

Core topics include:

Pipefitting & Blueprint Reading: Layouts for water, gas, and drainage systems
Tools & Materials: Proper use of plumbing tools, adhesives, and piping materials
Drainage & Vent Systems: Installation and troubleshooting of waste lines
Water Supply Systems: Pressure, flow, and backflow prevention
Building Codes & Regulations: National and local plumbing codes (UPC/IPC)
Safety & Soldering Techniques: OSHA compliance and material joining methods

Most programs include lab sessions and supervised fieldwork for hands-on experience.

Education & Apprenticeship Options

Plumbing careers typically begin with technical training followed by a registered apprenticeship.

Training pathways include:

Certificate or Diploma Programs (6–12 months): Basic plumbing systems and code preparation
Associate Degree (2 years): Combines trade skills with project management and design courses
Apprenticeship Programs (4–5 years): Paid, structured training combining classroom instruction and job-site experience
Online or Hybrid Courses: For working professionals or continuing education

Many states require completion of an approved apprenticeship before licensing.

Skills for the Role

Plumbers must combine physical skill with technical understanding and problem-solving.

Top skills include:

Mechanical aptitude and manual dexterity
Knowledge of codes, safety, and building systems
Problem-solving and spatial awareness
Physical stamina for working in tight or elevated spaces
Customer service and communication skills

Reliability and precision are essential in both residential and commercial work.

Certification & Licensing

All states require plumbers to be licensed, with specific requirements depending on location.

Typical steps:

Complete an accredited training program or apprenticeship
Accumulate supervised work experience (usually 4–5 years)
Pass a state journeyman plumber exam covering codes and safety
Renew your license periodically with continuing education

Optional credentials:

Master Plumber License: For supervising or owning a plumbing business
OSHA Safety Certification: Workplace and construction safety training
Backflow Prevention Certification: Specialized credential for water systems
Green Plumber USA Certification: Focused on eco-friendly plumbing practices

Licensing ensures plumbers meet state safety and technical standards.

How to Become a Plumber

Earn a high school diploma or GED with math and science coursework
Complete plumbing trade school or pre-apprenticeship training
Apply for a state-approved apprenticeship
Pass the journeyman licensing exam
Advance to master plumber or contractor status

Plumbers can also specialize in pipefitting, steamfitting, or gas line installation.

Plumbing remains one of the most stable and well-paid trades due to ongoing demand for new construction, repairs, and infrastructure upgrades. Licensed plumbers often enjoy steady work and opportunities for self-employment.

Professional Associations & Resources

Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors Association (PHCC): Apprenticeship and training resources
United Association (UA): Union apprenticeship programs and certifications
National Inspection Testing and Certification (NITC): Plumbing and gas testing credentials
American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE): Professional development and networking

Career Paths

Experienced plumbers may specialize or advance into:

Journeyman or Master Plumber
Pipefitter or Steamfitter
Plumbing Contractor or Business Owner
Project Supervisor or Building Inspector
Plumbing Design Engineer (with additional education)

With experience, many plumbers transition into leadership or start their own contracting firms.

Compare programs near you.
Program availability, tuition, schedules, and licensing requirements vary by school and state. Contact programs directly to confirm details.

What Plumber Work Often Involves

Plumber roles can vary by employer and location, but most positions share a core mix of hands-on tasks, safety or quality checks, and routine documentation. In this guide we focus on the typical responsibilities so you can compare programs and decide whether the day-to-day work fits your goals.

Common activities may include:

Following written procedures or protocols and documenting outcomes
Using standard tools, software, or equipment safely
Communicating with supervisors, clients, or team members
Keeping workspaces organized and meeting quality standards

Training Paths and Education Options

Programs commonly emphasize:

Core technical skills and terminology
Safety, compliance, or industry standards
Practical labs, simulations, or supervised work
Job-readiness topics like professionalism and communication

Skills That Translate Across Employers

Employers often look for a mix of technical ability and reliable work habits. Even when specific tools differ, the following skills tend to be important:

Attention to detail and accuracy
Problem solving and basic troubleshooting
Time management and task prioritization
Clear communication and teamwork

Work Settings and Daily Routine

Plumber professionals may work in a variety of settings. Some roles are primarily desk-based while others are hands-on or field-based. Schedules can be steady or shift-based depending on the industry. If you have preferences about hours, physical demands, or environment, use them as filters when comparing programs and employers.

Licensing, Certification, and Compliance

Some Plumber roles require state licensing or industry certifications, while others do not. Requirements can differ by state and even by employer, so it is important to verify the rules where you plan to work. If a credential is required, confirm whether the program prepares you for the related exam or supervised hours.

How to Compare Programs

When choosing a school or training provider, focus on outcomes that matter for your path rather than marketing claims. Useful factors to compare include:

Program length and scheduling options
Real-world practice hours and lab access
Career services, externships, or apprenticeship connections
Total cost, fees, and what is included
Credential or certificate earned at completion

Questions to Ask Before You Enroll

Does the program cover the skills employers in my area expect?
What portion of the training is hands-on?
Are tools, uniforms, or exam fees included in tuition?
What are typical class sizes and instructor experience?
Are there local employer partnerships or placement support?

Next Steps for Aspiring Plumber Professionals

Start by confirming the requirements for your state or target employers, then compare programs that align with those expectations. If you are balancing work or family responsibilities, ask about evening or hybrid options. Use the school listings on this page to explore programs and request details directly from providers.

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